Nicotine Dependence Evaluated by Urinary Cotinine and Heaviness of Smoking Index among Smokers, Vapers, and Dual Users: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data Ju Hwang, Cheol Lee, Kiheon Lee, Choon-Young Kim Korean Journal of Family Medicine 3
Treatment should be based on the severity of nicotine dependence, the probability of developing withdrawal symptoms, risk of relapse, comorbidities, local resources, and patient preferences
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Finally, we have limited statistical power and high standard errors for some outcomes due to the low prevalence of cigar use and small numbers of deaths
tar clogs up the lungs, carbon monoxide clogs up red blood cells - all in all, tobacco smoke contains a lot of nasty stuff that doesnt do you any good
They were sold in several formats