Study characteristics are detailed in Tables 1 and 2
The body needs this essential component for a number of processes, including the production of red blood cells, nerves, DNA, and cell growth
Antioxidant support helps protect cells from oxidative stress
Long term prescription of medications such as the following are likely to increase the cause of, or exacerbate the risk of B12 deficiency - the proton pump inhibitors (esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole), famotidine, ranitidine, metformin, glibenclamide, gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, sodium valproate, gabapentin, doxycycline, some oral contraceptives
The mechanism involves attraction of immune cells and mesenchymal stem cells to wound sites, along with stimulation of glycosaminoglycan production and decorin synthesis, both of which are critical for proper extracellular matrix assembly
Data availability The protein structure from accession codes 1e17 (FOXO4 FHD) was obtained from the PDB at All other data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request
