What GHK-Cu adds to the formulation: Gene expression modulation across hundreds of genes including collagen genes (Type I, III), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, anti-inflammatory mediators Collagen synthesis stimulation, specifically Type I and Type III collagen the structural proteins of skin, connective tissue, and many other tissues Anti-inflammatory signaling through investigated effects on TNF-, IL-6, and NF-B pathways Copper-peptide chemistry effects including cofactor activity for skin-relevant enzymes Skin-research and hair-research applications (the GHK-Cu literature in these areas is substantial) For the GHK-Cu deep-dive, see Copper Peptides Explained
Older individuals may have different pharmacokinetics, meaning the peptide might be processed differently by the body
Erastin sensitizes glioblastoma cells to temozolomide by restraining xCT and cystathionine--lyase function
Future Research Directions A number of interesting questions will remain subject to research in the future
Med Sci Monit 17:677682 Remington R, Bechtel C, Larsen D, Samar A, Doshanjh L, Fishman P, Luo Y, Smyers K, Page R, Morrell C, Shea TB (2015) A phase II Randomized clinical trial of a nutritional formulation for cognition and mood in Alzheimer's disease
Neutralizing free radicals and reactive oxygen compounds, increased glutathione enhances every system of the body, including the immune system and metabolism