The absence of this protective layer of glycosaminoglycans in patients with interstitial cystitis increases inflammation, which leads to cyst formation and swelling with subsequent pain and irritation.7 In one study, approximately half of the women diagnosed with interstitial cystitis reported symptoms of dysuria.8 Other causative factors of interstitial cystitis have been suggested, including chronic or subclinical infection, autoimmunity, and genetic susceptibility, any of which could be responsible for initiating the inflammatory response
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The gut microbiome and the brain
Patients experiencing signs of allergic reactions should discontinue the medication and seek appropriate medical attention
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Its defined structure supports reproducible experimental setups across biochemical assays and cell-based research models
