Cigarette smoking, smoking cessation, and long-term risk of 3 major atherosclerotic diseases
[16] The ban was rolled out in stages and has been fully enforced since April 2020
The writing reflects my personal opinion at the time of writing
Baselines established a decade ago by the industry itself become references for the industry to set benchmarks for more efficient processes, measured by decreasing inputs and externalities (e.g., CO 2 -equivalent emissions) to achieve a higher manufacturing intensity (or efficiency) per million cigarettes produced or per million dollars of revenue
But the agencys recent application of the APPH standard to flavored e-cigarettes, strongly endorsed by the federal courts against the industrys repeated attacks, is a hopeful sign that it is righting the ship
Voluntary initiatives, furthermore, can be interpreted in the literature as proactive moves by the industry to stave-off regulation which would require them to adhere to externally wrought environmental standards and practices (Soneryd and Uggla 2015)