The primary molecular actions relevant to skin are: modulation of TGF- signaling (upregulating TGF-1 for collagen I/III synthesis while suppressing TGF-2 to prevent scarring), decorin upregulation for orderly collagen fibril assembly, MMP suppression paired with TIMP upregulation to preserve ECM integrity, and copper-dependent lysyl oxidase activation for collagen crosslinking
Mongongu C, Coudore F, Domergue V, et al
Notably, a related peptide variant, AHK-Cu (alanine-histidine-lysine copper), has demonstrated potent hair-regenerative activity in human hair follicle models at extremely low concentrations (10 to 10 M), indicating high biological potency
These are not dietary supplements, they are not approved drugs, they are chemicals with no good manufacturing practices (GMP) or quality control testing requirements for identity or contaminants as is required for supplements
Greene, Board Certified MD
Glutathione functions as a key regulator of redox homeostasis, directly neutralizing reactive oxygen species and free radicals, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage
