B indicates RCTs without confirmatory meta-analysis
Proteomic analysis of the effects of aged garlic extract and its FruArg component on lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammatory response in microglial cells

Evidence base: Tyrosinase inhibition multiple in vitro and clinical studies confirm glutathiones capacity to inhibit tyrosinase and shift melanogenesis toward lighter phaeomelanin production Published RCTs randomised controlled trials have documented measurable skin lightening outcomes with IV glutathione administration compared to placebo in Asian skin type populations, including Fitzpatrick IIIV the most prevalent skin types among Mumbai patients Hepatic and antioxidant support extensive published evidence from hepatology and immunology supports IV glutathiones systemic detoxification and antioxidant mechanisms Safety profile when administered in appropriate concentrations by qualified medical professionals, IV glutathione has a well-established safety record across international clinical practice At Brilliance Cosmocare, IV Glutathione therapy is administered strictly within evidence-supported concentration ranges by trained medical staff not administered in the unregulated, high-dose formats that carry documented safety concerns

Human trials are needed to verify advantages
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1703103 Received 10 September 2025 Accepted 27 October 2025 Published 17 November 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Rachida Guennoun, Institut National de la Sant et de la Recherche Mdicale (INSERM), France Reviewed by Roberto Cosimo Melcangi, University of Milan, Italy Claire-Marie Vacher, Columbia University, United States Updates Copyright 2025 Zamora-Snchez, Gonzlez-Orozco, Mendoza-Ortega, Villegas-Soto, Camacho-Arroyo and Estrada-Gutierrez
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