The pathophysiology of elevated vitamin B12 in clinical practice Significance of elevated cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels in blood Elevated levels of serum cobalamin may be a sign of a serious, even life-threatening, disease
In respiratory disease, cellular damage and injury is mediated by an increased oxidant burden and/or decreased antioxidant defenses
The default protocol I prescribe is at-home, subcutaneous or intramuscular
None of that needs a sales force, an FDA marketing review, or a single published trial
Hypervitaminosis B12 in commercial broiler chickens
Berberine can also regulate cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to further regulate synaptic plasticity (Shaker et al., 2021)