Injecting untested, unregulated peptides is, at best, a large waste of money and, at worst, a path to long-term side effects that we do not yet understand
It supports angiogenesis, the blood vessel formation that supplies healing tissues
This includes people with: Pernicious anaemia (autoimmune destruction of intrinsic factor-producing cells), typically requiring lifelong IM injections Crohn's disease or surgical resection affecting the terminal ileum Coeliac disease causing malabsorption (may improve with gluten-free diet) Chronic pancreatitis reducing enzyme availability needed for B12 release Vegans and strict vegetarians need reliable B12 sources through fortified foods or supplements, as plant-based diets contain negligible amounts of active B12
150 , 151 , 152 , 153 It is important to keep in mind that individuals metabolic and neurobiological responses to diet vary, and that a one size fits all approach to diet may not be effective in reducing risk of cognitive decline and dementia
It is not approved as a drug, supplement, or food ingredient in the US, EU, Australia, and similar markets
Switch therapy to subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin c