L-carnitine supports the transportation of fatty acids to your mitochondria, where they are oxidised for energy (Beabout, L
Irritation and sensitivity Retinol alone can cause: Redness Peeling Dryness Burning sensation Increased sensitivity Adding peptides usually helps: Most peptides are soothing Support skin barrier repair Reduce inflammation When irritation occurs despite peptides: Reduce retinol frequency (every other night instead of nightly) Use lower retinol concentration (0.25% or 0.5% instead of 1%) Apply peptides in morning, retinol at night (not together) Add more moisturizer Take retinol break for few days pH incompatibility concerns The pH issue: Retinol works best at pH 5.5-6 Some peptides work best at different pH ranges Mixing products with very different pH can reduce effectiveness In practice: Modern formulations account for this Short contact time between layers minimizes pH issues Many successful products combine peptides + retinol in same formulation Solution: Don't worry excessively about pH
For standard insulin syringes with fixed needles, dead space is minimal (around 0.005-0.01 mL)
Glutamine utilization in cancer cells Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in the blood, whose circulating concentration is around 0.5 mmol/L [35]
Maiorino M, Scapin M, Ursini F, Biasolo M, Bosello V, Floh L (2003) Distinct promoters determine alternative transcription of gpx-4 into phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase variants
Redox Signal 13 , 11331144 (2010)
