Teuwen et al., 2020
PHASE II DRUG METABOLISM: Glucuronidation and SulfationGeneral properties of Phase II metabolismIntroduction to glucuronidationSubstrates for UGTsUGT structureProperties of glucuronidesMethods to characterize glucuronidesDisposition and reactions of glucuronidesUGT pharmacogenetics, polymorphism, variabilitySulfotransferasesN-Acetylation, Aminoacid conjugation, Glutathione conjugationSmith, Phase II Metabolism, UNC Chapel Hill, 8/2012 1 Conjugation Reactions Some DefinitionsGlucuronidation conjugation is the addition of a molecule to the drug or xenobioticGSH conjugation GSH = glutathione (a tripeptide derivative)Sulfate conjugationAmino acid conjugation Some confusing terminology, both related to drugs:Acetylation Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3 are designations used in theMethylation sequence of drug development and evaluation by FDA in the US
The maintenance in the active state of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex that oxidizes pyruvate to acetyl CoA stimulates oxidative phosphorylation
Acceptor Vero cells expressing human ACE2 46 , were treated with CellTracker Green CMFDA (5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate, Thermo Scientific) for 30 min
En limitant l'impact nfaste de ces radicaux libres, les antioxydants aident prvenir le vieillissement prmatur des cellules , dont celles de la peau
It increases sexual frequency and drive, serves as a treatment for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in both men and women, and enhances sexual function, desire, arousal, and orgasm