These symptoms, which can occur without the classic symptoms of heartburn and acid regurgitation, include cough, wheeze, hoarseness, sore throat, repetitive throat clearing, postnasal drip, neck or throat pain, globus, apnea, and otalgia
Videofluoroscopic swallow studydiagnostic test of choice when patients present with symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia Oropharyngeal dysphagia may be a manifestation of an underlying neuromuscular condition
These disruptions lead to water and sodium influx, potassium efflux, cell swelling, membrane potential changes, and eventual cell lysis, which then releases intracellular contents, eliciting an inflammatory phenotype through DAMP release and triggering immune responses (Murao et al., 2021)
Injections can help restore healthy production and alleviate symptoms
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and a downregulated Hedgehog pathway impair bloodbrain barrier function in an in vitro model of CNS tuberculosis
FAQ 13: What Role Does Glutathione Peroxidase Play in the Aging Process and Longevity