Primary endpoints should center on pain and function Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores), structure (MRI evaluation with delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) when appropriate), and time to milestones (return to sport)
Adverse Reactions / Side Effects Vitamin B12 is known to be non-toxic even in high doses
It bypasses the digestive system for improved absorption and effectiveness
How to interpret blood tests for 7 common vitamin deficiencies Understanding your levels may reveal the cause of symptoms and whether dietary changes or supplementation may help Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are a hidden epidemic impacting metabolic health
Individuals allergic to cobalt should also avoid vitamin B12 injections
Energy may improve briefly, and that can lead to behavior changes that sometimes subtly change weight, but the vitamin itself is not a fat-burning drug