doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.5.1585
see also Cryan et al., 2019 for a review, and in addition A meta-analysis across several studies involving humans failed to find any benefit of probiotics on cognition (Marx et al., 2020)
Most people report noticing improvements in skin radiance, energy levels, or recovery times within 4 to 8 weeks of daily, consistent use, depending on their starting levels and lifestyle factors
Epub - 2008 Sep 24 Stangle DE, Smith DR, Beaudin SA, Strawderman MS, Levitsky DA, Strupp BJ: Succimer chelation improves learning, attention, and arousal regulation in lead-exposed rats but produces lasting cognitive impairment in the absence of lead exposure
D, days
Overall, the research suggests that creatine supplementation can be a promising supplementary treatment for depression, particularly in MDD, and may be beneficial for bipolar depression [47]