doi: 10.1093/jn/134.11.3054
The ingestion of a high-calorie diet or the consumption of substantial amounts of alcohol has been demonstrated to promote DNL through the activation of two transcription factors: carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c)
For researchers primarily concerned about energy levels and not specifically about fat metabolism optimization, B12 may be the simpler and better-tolerated choice
However, Tregs can also adopt an inflammatory effector-like phenotype and lose their suppressive capacity due to chronic inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, tissue-specific reprogramming, and possibly insufficient IL-2 signaling 113,114
This may be a potential advantage of the delivery method as absorption could feel quick and consistent from dose to dose
If such a route is used, the timing is similarly ~30-60 minutes pre-intercourse